Vuam, raws li cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam kom ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom tsim kev ncaj ncees, kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej. Vim tias cov txheej txheem vuam muaj ntau qhov sib txawv xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev ntxhov siab, thiab cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws, qhov tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem nruj nruj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, tsim thiab siv ib tug scientific welding execution standard system yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem vuam kev ua haujlwm, traceable tau, thiab tswj tau zoo.
Welding execution standards npog tag nrho cov saw hlau, suav nrog kev tsim, cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog, cov khoom siv, thiab kev soj ntsuam, thiab tso siab rau lub teb chaws, kev lag luam, thiab cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb los tsim cov txheej txheem hierarchical thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov qauv. kuv lub teb chaws cov txheej txheem vuam yog feem ntau raws li GB series. Piv txwv li, GB / T 985.1, "pom zoo Grooves rau Gas Vuam, Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam, Gas Shielded Vuam thiab High Energy Beam Vuam," qhia txog kev ua haujlwm rau ntau hom kev sib koom ua ke. GB 50661, "Code for Welding of Steel Structures," qhia meej txog cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog, kev tsim kho, thiab kev lees paub cov ntsiab lus rau cov qauv hlau hauv cov tsev thiab txuas hniav. Hauv kev siv cov cuab yeej siv siab, NB/T 47014, "Vuam Txheej Txheem Tsim Nyog rau Cov Khoom Siv Siab," muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem vuam, lub hauv paus hlau thiab vuam txuam, preheating, thiab tom qab- cua sov regimes. Thoob ntiaj teb, ISO, AWS (American Society of Welding), thiab EN (European Standards) yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tej yaam num los xyuas kom meej kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib nrig sib paub txog qhov zoo.
Cov qauv siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim qauv xav kom cov vuam sib koom ua ke, qhov ntev ntawm qhov zawj, thiab kev ua tiav raug raws li cov duab kos thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li kev nkag mus tsis tiav thiab slag suav nrog los ntawm geometric mismatches. Cov txheej txheem xaiv cov khoom hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hlau hauv paus thiab vuam, suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab kev ntsuas weldability, thiab xav txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kub tsis kam, lossis qis-kub toughness yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tej yam kev ua haujlwm. Welding Procedure Qualification (WPS/PQR) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tus qauv. Nws suav nrog simulating cov khoom siv tiag tiag los ntawm kev sim vuam thiab kev sim los xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov lus qhia ua haujlwm rov siv tau. Cov txheej txheem uas tsis dhau kev tsim nyog yuav siv tsis tau rau hauv kev tsim khoom.
Cov qauv tsim nyog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm yog lub hauv paus ntawm tib neeg cov peev txheej rau kev ruaj ntseg zoo. Welders yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia kev txawj ntse thiab kev ntsuam xyuas raws li NB / T 47015 lossis cov qauv tsim nyog, tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kev ua haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov khoom siv, thiab raug tshuaj xyuas ib ntus hauv lub sijhawm siv tau. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (xws li cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab cov qauv siv hluav taws xob nuclear) yuav tsum tau nruj dua cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem khoom siv qhia txog cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov voj voog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vuam, tswj cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv roj, thiab cov cuab yeej pabcuam kom ruaj khov, nyab xeeb, thiab tswj tau cov zis.
Cov txheej txheem vuam yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog welding txheej txheem, tswj cov cua sov input, interpass kub, welding sequence, thiab deformation kho ntsuas. Preheating ua ntej welding thiab post-weld heat treatment yuav tsum tau ua raws li tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua kom tshem tawm cov txheej txheem hardened los yog txo qhov seem seem. Qhov chaw vuam (cua nrawm, av noo, qhov kub thiab txias) yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv kev txwv los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig cuam tshuam xws li porosity thiab hydrogen-induced cracking.
Kev soj ntsuam thiab kev lees paub cov qauv raug siv thoob plaws hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo tom qab vuam tiav. Tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT) txoj kev, xws li radiographic, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, thiab penetrant testing, yog siv los txiav txim qhov kev lees txais ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj sab hauv thiab saum npoo raws li cov qauv xws li GB/T 3323 thiab JB/T 4730. Cov cuab yeej kuaj xyuas (tensile, dabtsi yog khoov, cuam tshuam) thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm macroscopic acid. Kev lees txais qib tau muab cais raws li cov khoom thov, nrog rau cov txheej txheem lees paub nruj tshaj plaws siv rau siab - thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo xws li cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab cov qauv dav hlau.
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab kev taug qab raug kaw - qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua raws li tus qauv. Cov txheej txheem vuam txheej txheem kev tsim nyog, kev tsim nyog ntawm vuam, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv vuam, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia kom ntseeg tau tias txhua kauj ruam tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas rov qab, muab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kom zoo thiab ntsuas qhov xwm txheej.
Feem ntau, welding execution qauv ua raws li kev cai lij choj hais lus thiab kev cai ntawm kev coj ua rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem vuam. Lawv muab kev taw qhia meej rau cov neeg khiav dej num thiab tsim cov hom phiaj rau kev saib xyuas zoo thiab thib peb - ntawv pov thawj. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv no rau hauv txhua theem ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo tsis zoo, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv welded, thiab nteg lub hauv paus zoo rau siab - kawg kev tsim khoom thiab cov haujlwm loj engineering.
