Vuam, raws li cov txheej txheem rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas mus tas li, muaj keeb kwm rov qab mus rau cov hnub qub ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Tsav los ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, nws maj mam hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev paub dhau los rau hauv kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no.Tracing nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tsis tsuas yog pab peb nkag siab cov ntsiab lus thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm vuam tshuab tab sis kuj qhia nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg txoj kev tsim khoom.
Raws li thaum ntxov ua ntej keeb kwm, tib neeg tsis txhob txwm siv cov cua sov thiab forging rau ib nrab yaj thiab daim ntawv cog lus hlau, uas tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog daim ntawv qub ntawm vuam. Archaeological discoveries qhia tias nyob ib ncig ntawm 3000 BC, nyob rau hauv Mesopotamian thiab ancient Egyptian civilizations, muaj piv txwv ntawm kev koom nrog tooj liab los ntawm hammering, ib tug hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li thaum ntxov forging thiab welding. Nkag mus rau Hnub Nyoog Hlau, forging tseem yog thawj txoj hauv kev sib koom hlau. Craftsmen cia siab rau lub cub tawg cua sov thiab hammering rau ib nrab yaj los yog plasticize qhov chaw sib cuag, ces forged lawv mus rau hauv ib tug tag nrho. Cov theem no yog hu ua "forging" lossis "forging welding," thiab txawm tias tsis muaj qhov ntsuas kub thiab kev tiv thaiv, nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim riam phom, cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj.
Qhov tseeb fusion vuam tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm Industrial Revolution nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nrog rau kev nce qib hauv metallurgical thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb rau hauv cov roj hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob arc phenomena, vuam txoj kev pib txav los ntawm empirical mus rau cov txheej txheem tswj tau. Nyob rau hauv 1881, Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb Nikolai Bernardos thawj zaug sim siv carbon electrodes los tsim ib tug arc ntawm steel rau fusion vuam, pib qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm arc vuam. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1885, Fab Kis Fab Kis Claude Cochet tau tsim cov pa roj carbon arc welding, siv ib qho arc ntawm ob lub pas nrig los ua kom sov cov hlau. Txoj kev no tau pom thawj daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab nkoj tsim kev lag luam thaum lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, hlau electrodes maj mam hloov cov pa roj carbon electrodes, ua rau cov qauv ntawm shielded hlau arc vuam (SMAW), uas tso cai rau cov hlau vuam ncaj qha los ntawm fusion electrode, txhim kho cov txheej txheem stability thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab- xyoo pua 20th, vuam tshuab tau ntsib kev txhim kho sai. Gas-shielded vuam (xws li argon arc vuam thiab carbon dioxide gas-shielded vuam) tshwm sim, zoo cais cov pa oxygen thiab nitrogen los ntawm huab cua los ntawm kev qhia inert los yog reactive shielding gases rau hauv vuam cheeb tsam, ho txhim kho weld zoo thiab nthuav nws daim ntawv thov. xws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel reactive. Concurrently, submerged arc vuam ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub loj zus tau tej cov daim hlau tuab thiab ntev ncaj welds, ua ib tug tseem ceeb txheej txheem nyob rau hauv hnyav industrial tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, qhov loj - kev tsim cov khoom lag luam xav tau rau cov nkoj siab, nkoj, thiab cov txuas hniav tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv hauv cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov cuab yeej siv, thiab txhawb kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv vuam metallurgy thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Los ntawm lig 20th mus rau lub xyoo pua 21st, high-zog beam welding thiab solid-lub xeev vuam technologies tshwm sim. Laser welding thiab electron beam vuam, nrog rau lawv qhov zoo ntawm lub zog ceev thiab cov cua sov me me- cuam tshuam thaj chaw, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau nruj ntawm aerospace, microelectronics, thiab cov cuab yeej precision kom zoo thiab tsis tshua muaj deformation. Kev sib txhuam vuam, diffusion vuam, thiab lwm yam khoom siv- txoj kev vuam hauv xeev tau daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev koom nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Tib lub sijhawm, automation thiab cov thev naus laus zis ntse tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw vuam, nrog rau kev vuam tshuab, kev tswj hwm digital, thiab kev taw qhia tsis pom kev maj mam dhau mus, hloov vuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm- hnyav rau kev siv tshuab{10}} txheej txheem hnyav.
Saib ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm vuam, nws tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov kev paub dhau los hauv kev sib tsoo thaum ub, mus rau kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm hluav taws xob arc thiab roj tiv thaiv nyob rau niaj hnub no, thiab thaum kawg mus rau ntau yam kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub high - lub zog nqaj thiab kev tswj xyuas ntse. Cov txheej txheem no tsis yog tsuas yog qhia txog kev nkag siab tob tob ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov cua sov thiab cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj tseem tsom rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam los ntawm kev siv tshuab mus rau kev tshaj tawm thiab kev txawj ntse. Vuam, raws li ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom, tau sau cov keeb kwm nplua nuj uas muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv niaj hnub siab - kawg thiab cov haujlwm loj.
